Canada Trivia Exploring the Great North

Canadian History and Politics

When did Canada become a country?

• Answer: July 1, 1867
• Explanation: Canada became a country on July 1, 1867, through the enactment of the British North America Act (now called the Constitution Act, 1867). This act united the colonies of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into a single Dominion within the British Empire, marking the birth of Canada as a federated nation.

Who was the first Prime Minister of Canada?

• Answer: Sir John A. Macdonald
• Explanation: Sir John A. Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of Canada, serving from 1867 to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891. He played a pivotal role in Canada’s formation and early development, including the expansion of its territory to the Pacific coast and the establishment of the Canadian Pacific Railway.

What is the significance of the year 1982 in Canadian history?

• Answer: The patriation of the Canadian Constitution
• Explanation: In 1982, Canada achieved full sovereignty with the patriation of its Constitution, which was previously held in the United Kingdom. The Constitution Act, 1982, was enacted, which included the new Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, fundamentally altering the country’s political landscape by providing a constitutional guarantee of certain rights and freedoms.

Which event is considered Canada’s coming of age as a nation?

• Answer: The Battle of Vimy Ridge during World War I
• Explanation: The Battle of Vimy Ridge, which took place in April 1917 during World War I, is often cited as a moment of national pride and a coming of age for Canada. It was the first time Canadian divisions fought together as a single corps, achieving a victory that had eluded British and French forces. This success significantly contributed to Canada’s national identity and international recognition.

What was the Quiet Revolution in Quebec?

• Answer: A period of intense socio-political and cultural change in Quebec during the 1960s
• Explanation: The Quiet Revolution was a period in the 1960s characterized by rapid and profound socio-political and cultural change in Quebec. It marked a shift towards secularism, the expansion of the welfare state, and the strengthening of Quebec’s national identity. This period also saw the rise of the Quebec sovereignty movement, which has had a lasting impact on Canadian politics.

Who is the only Canadian Prime Minister to have declared martial law during peacetime?

• Answer: Pierre Elliott Trudeau
• Explanation: Pierre Elliott Trudeau is the only Canadian Prime Minister to have declared martial law during peacetime, which occurred during the October Crisis in 1970. In response to the kidnapping of public officials by the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act, temporarily suspending civil liberties to restore order.

What landmark legislation in 1988 established the framework for Indigenous land claims in Canada?

• Answer: The Canadian Comprehensive Land Claims Policy
• Explanation: The Canadian Comprehensive Land Claims Policy, established in 1988, provides a framework for negotiating land claims and self-government agreements with Indigenous peoples. This policy aims to resolve outstanding land rights issues and promote economic and community development for Indigenous communities.

When did women in Canada gain the right to vote federally?

• Answer: 1918
• Explanation: Women in Canada gained the right to vote in federal elections in 1918. This was a significant milestone in the Canadian women’s suffrage movement, which had been advocating for women’s voting rights for decades. Initially, the right was granted to certain groups of women, including nurses and women related to servicemen, but it eventually expanded to include all women by 1920.

What was the main outcome of the Meech Lake Accord negotiations?

• Answer: The Meech Lake Accord ultimately failed to be ratified by all provinces.
• Explanation: The Meech Lake Accord, negotiated in 1987, aimed to persuade Quebec to symbolically endorse the 1982 Constitution Act by addressing its demands for recognition as a “distinct society.” However, the Accord failed to be ratified by all provinces within the established timeframe, leading to its collapse in 1990. This failure highlighted the challenges of constitutional reform and regional disparities in Canada.

Which Canadian Prime Minister introduced the official policy of multiculturalism?

• Answer: Pierre Elliott Trudeau
• Explanation: Pierre Elliott Trudeau introduced the official policy of multiculturalism in 1971, making Canada the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy. The policy aimed to preserve and enhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians while ensuring that all citizens could keep their identities, take pride in their ancestry, and have a sense of belonging. This policy reflects Canada’s commitment to diversity and inclusion.

Famous Canadians and Cultural Contributions

Who is considered the father of Medicare in Canada, and what province did it first start in?

• Answer: Tommy Douglas in Saskatchewan
• Explanation: Tommy Douglas, known as the father of Medicare in Canada, introduced the first universal, public healthcare program in Saskatchewan in 1962. His pioneering efforts laid the groundwork for the national healthcare system that Canada is known for today, providing free access to medical services for all Canadian citizens.

Which Canadian singer is known for the hit song “My Heart Will Go On” from the movie “Titanic”?

• Answer: Celine Dion
• Explanation: Celine Dion, a singer from Quebec, Canada, is internationally renowned for her powerful vocals. She gained immense fame with “My Heart Will Go On,” the theme song for the 1997 blockbuster film “Titanic.” The song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and became one of the best-selling singles of all time.

What is the name of the Canadian who invented the telephone?

• Answer: Alexander Graham Bell
• Explanation: Alexander Graham Bell, a Scottish-born inventor who later became a Canadian citizen, is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. Bell’s invention in the 1870s revolutionized global communication and led to the founding of the Bell Telephone Company. His work laid the foundation for the telecommunications industry.

Which Canadian author won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013?

• Answer: Alice Munro
• Explanation: Alice Munro, a Canadian short-story writer known for her detailed narratives about life in southwestern Ontario, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. The Nobel Committee lauded her as the “master of the contemporary short story,” highlighting her contribution to the arts and the impact of her work on readers and writers alike.

Who is the first Canadian astronaut to walk in space?

• Answer: Chris Hadfield
• Explanation: Chris Hadfield became the first Canadian to walk in space during his second spaceflight in 2001 on STS-100, aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Hadfield is also known for his educational outreach and his rendition of David Bowie’s “Space Oddity” filmed aboard the International Space Station, making him one of Canada’s most well-known astronauts.

Which Canadian athlete is known as “The Greatest Hockey Player of All Time”?

• Answer: Wayne Gretzky
• Explanation: Wayne Gretzky, often referred to as “The Great One,” is celebrated as the greatest hockey player of all time. Throughout his NHL career, he set numerous records, including most career goals, assists, and points. Gretzky’s exceptional skill, sportsmanship, and contribution to the game have left an indelible mark on the sport of ice hockey.

Identify the Indigenous Canadian music group that won a Grammy in 2020 for Best Music Video.

• Answer: Northern Cree
• Explanation: Northern Cree, a Canadian Indigenous music group known for their powwow and round dance music, has been nominated for several Grammy Awards but it was the music video for “Singing for Our Lives” featured in the documentary “Standing Rock Take Me From The River” that was involved in winning a Grammy in 2020. Their work has played a significant role in promoting Indigenous culture and music on the international stage.

Which Canadian invented the game of basketball?

• Answer: James Naismith
• Explanation: James Naismith, a Canadian physical educator, invented the game of basketball in 1891 while he was in the United States. Seeking a vigorous indoor activity to keep his students active during the winter, Naismith devised a game that involved throwing a ball into a peach basket. Basketball has since evolved into a globally popular sport.

What Canadian filmmaker is known for his distinctive body horror films, such as “The Fly”?

• Answer: David Cronenberg
• Explanation: David Cronenberg, a Canadian filmmaker, is renowned for his work in the body horror genre, exploring themes of bodily transformation, technology, and the human condition. His 1986 film “The Fly” is a landmark in horror cinema, celebrated for its groundbreaking makeup effects and philosophical depth.

Which Canadian writer and poet was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976?

• Answer: Saul Bellow
• Explanation: Saul Bellow, born in Lachine, Quebec, before moving to the United States, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976. Though primarily identified with American literature, Bellow’s Canadian roots contributed to his perspective on the immigrant experience, identity, and the search for meaning, themes prevalent throughout his work.

Canadian Innovations and Inventions

What Canadian invention is credited with enabling the early exploration of the Arctic?

• Answer: The snowmobile
• Explanation: The snowmobile, invented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier in 1937, revolutionized winter travel and enabled more effective exploration and living in Arctic regions. Originally designed to help with rural mail delivery in snowy conditions, the snowmobile’s impact extended far beyond, providing a means for transportation, rescue operations, and leisure activities in snowy landscapes worldwide.

Which Canadian medical discovery in the 1920s has saved millions of lives globally?

• Answer: Insulin for diabetes treatment
• Explanation: Insulin was co-discovered in 1921 by Frederick Banting and Charles Best in Toronto, Canada. This groundbreaking discovery has saved millions of lives worldwide by providing an effective treatment for diabetes, a condition that was previously fatal. Insulin’s discovery is considered one of the most important medical achievements of the 20th century.

What is the name of the communication technology innovation developed by Canadians that has been used in space exploration?

• Answer: The Canadarm
• Explanation: The Canadarm, or Shuttle Remote Manipulator System, was developed by Canadian engineers and has been used in space shuttles since 1981. This robotic arm has played a crucial role in deploying, maneuvering, and capturing satellites in space, as well as assisting in the construction and maintenance of the International Space Station, showcasing Canada’s contribution to space exploration and technology.

Which Canadian invention is known as the precursor to modern-day walkie-talkies, cell phones, and wireless technology?

• Answer: The two-way radio
• Explanation: The invention of the first practical two-way radio is credited to Canadian inventor Donald L. Hings in 1937. Originally called a “packset,” but commonly known during World War II as a “walkie-talkie,” this technology laid the groundwork for the development of modern communication devices, including cell phones and other wireless technology, revolutionizing the way we communicate.

What Canadian innovation has become a critical tool in global oceanography and water safety?

• Answer: The UV water disinfection system
• Explanation: The UV water disinfection system, developed by Canadian scientists, uses ultraviolet light to eliminate harmful microorganisms in water without chemicals. This innovation has become vital in providing safe drinking water, treating wastewater, and conducting oceanographic research globally, highlighting Canada’s contributions to environmental sustainability and public health.

Which Canadian invention allows for the precise landing of aircraft in challenging weather conditions?

• Answer: The GCA (Ground Controlled Approach) System
• Explanation: The Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) System, developed during World War II by Canadian engineer James Young, revolutionized aircraft landing by allowing ground operators to guide aircraft to safe landings in poor visibility or bad weather conditions. This invention significantly improved aviation safety and efficiency.

What revolutionary sports safety equipment was invented by a Canadian and is now mandatory in professional leagues?

• Answer: The hockey helmet
• Explanation: The modern hockey helmet was developed and popularized by Canadian ice hockey player and coach, Bill Masterton, which led to significant changes in safety protocols in professional hockey leagues. After Masterton’s tragic death from a head injury sustained during a game, the helmet’s design and use were re-evaluated, leading to mandatory helmet rules in the NHL and other leagues, significantly reducing head injuries.

Which Canadian innovation is crucial for global emergency and disaster response efforts?

• Answer: The Incident Command System (ICS)
• Explanation: The Incident Command System, developed to standardize emergency response procedures, has been instrumental in managing responses to large-scale emergencies and disasters worldwide. Although not exclusively Canadian in its origins, Canada has played a significant role in its development, implementation, and international adoption, showcasing Canada’s contribution to global emergency preparedness and response.

What is the name of the first full-length animated feature film produced in Canada, marking a milestone in animation?

• Answer: “The Romance of Transportation in Canada”
• Explanation: “The Romance of Transportation in Canada” is not a full-length feature but a significant short animated film produced by the National Film Board of Canada in 1952. While Canada has a rich history in animation, including contributions to global film and television, this film stands out for its innovative animation techniques and storytelling, reflecting Canada’s pioneering spirit in the arts. For full-length features, Canada’s animation industry has grown significantly, contributing numerous films to the international market.

Which Canadian device has revolutionized accessibility for those with physical disabilities?

• Answer: The electric wheelchair
• Explanation: The electric wheelchair, innovated by Canadian George Klein and his team in the 1950s, was designed to increase mobility for injured veterans. This invention has profoundly impacted the lives of individuals with mobility challenges, providing them with greater independence and quality of life. Klein’s work in creating the electric wheelchair is a testament to Canada’s contributions to medical devices and accessibility technology.

Canadian Cuisine and Food

What iconic Canadian dish is made of french fries, cheese curds, and gravy?

• Answer: Poutine
• Explanation: Poutine originated in Quebec in the late 1950s and has become one of Canada’s most beloved dishes. It combines crispy french fries with squeaky cheese curds, topped with a rich, brown gravy. Poutine’s comforting and hearty nature has led to its popularity across Canada and beyond, with variations including different types of gravies, meats, and additional toppings.

Which Canadian city is known for inventing the butter tart, and what are its essential ingredients?

• Answer: The butter tart is not attributed to a specific city but is a quintessential Canadian dessert.
• Explanation: The butter tart consists of a flaky pastry shell filled with a butter, sugar, and egg filling that’s baked until the top is crispy and the filling is semi-solid. Originating in Ontario in the early 20th century, it’s considered a classic Canadian treat, with variations including the addition of raisins, nuts, or chocolate chips.

What is the name of the smoked meat delicacy that Montreal is famous for?

• Answer: Montreal-style smoked meat
• Explanation: Montreal-style smoked meat is a type of kosher-style deli meat made from beef brisket that’s cured and smoked. The meat is seasoned with a mixture of spices, including coriander, garlic, and black pepper, then steamed to perfection. It’s typically served as a sandwich on rye bread with mustard and is a staple of Montreal cuisine.

What seafood is the East Coast of Canada particularly renowned for?

• Answer: Lobster
• Explanation: The East Coast of Canada, especially Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, is renowned for its high-quality lobster. The cold Atlantic waters provide an ideal habitat for lobster, making it a staple and a delicacy in the region. Lobster is enjoyed in various ways, from boiled and served with butter to being incorporated into rolls, salads, and bisques.

Which Canadian province is known as the birthplace of the Caesar cocktail, and what are its main ingredients?

• Answer: Alberta
• Explanation: The Caesar cocktail was invented in Calgary, Alberta, in 1969 by restaurateur Walter Chell. This savory cocktail consists of vodka, Clamato juice (a blend of clam and tomato juices), hot sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and is typically garnished with a stalk of celery and lime. The Caesar has become a beloved Canadian cocktail, often enjoyed as a brunch or pre-dinner drink.

What Indigenous Canadian food is traditionally made from ground maize (corn)?

• Answer: Bannock
• Explanation: While bannock today is often associated with a type of flatbread, traditional Indigenous versions of bannock were indeed made from maize, as well as other ingredients available pre-contact, such as nuts and berries. The European-introduced version, which became more common post-contact, is made with flour and baking powder, cooked over an open fire or baked in an oven. Bannock serves as a versatile and essential part of Indigenous cuisine across Canada.

What is the sweet ingredient Canada is the world’s largest producer of?

• Answer: Maple syrup
• Explanation: Canada, particularly the province of Quebec, is the world’s largest producer of maple syrup, accounting for over 70% of the global market. Maple syrup is made from the sap of sugar maple trees, which are abundant in the Canadian Shield. This natural sweetener is a staple in Canadian kitchens and is used in a variety of dishes, from breakfast pancakes and waffles to desserts and savory sauces.

Which Canadian city’s bagels are known for being boiled in honey-sweetened water before baking?

• Answer: Montreal
• Explanation: Montreal is famous for its unique style of bagels, which are hand-rolled, boiled in honey-sweetened water, and then baked in wood-fired ovens. This process gives Montreal bagels a distinct sweetness and a denser, chewier texture compared to other bagel varieties. They are traditionally topped with sesame or poppy seeds.

What is the traditional Canadian dessert pie made from the root vegetable, rutabaga, known as?

• Answer: Butter pie or rutabaga pie
• Explanation: Butter pie, also known as rutabaga pie, is a traditional Canadian dessert that originates from the Atlantic provinces. It is made with mashed rutabaga (also known as swede or yellow turnip), mixed with butter, sugar, and spices, then baked in a pie crust. This dessert highlights the versatility of rutabaga and showcases the ingenuity of Canadian home cooking.

What Canadian province is famous for its wild blueberries, often celebrated with festivals and found in local dishes?

• Answer: Nova Scotia
• Explanation: Nova Scotia is renowned for its wild blueberries and is one of the largest producers of this fruit in Canada. Wild blueberries are smaller and more flavorful than their cultivated counterparts. They are a staple in local cuisine, used in pies, jams, smoothies, and various desserts. Nova Scotia even celebrates this beloved berry with annual festivals, showcasing its importance to the province’s agricultural and culinary heritage.